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- SCIENCE, Page 53The Pulse of Another World
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- How three astronomers timing radio waves may have finally found
- a planet outside our solar system
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- If countless stars fill the firmament, they must be circled
- by countless planets -- or so everyone assumes. In the fertile
- minds of fiction writers, the distant worlds have taken on
- every imaginable name, from Krypton to Ork, and spawned every
- imaginable creature, from the Klingons to the Ewoks. But in real
- life no earthbound astronomer has ever proved the existence of
- a single planet outside our solar system.
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- Now a team of three astronomers in Britain claims to have
- spotted solid evidence of a faraway world. Writing in the
- British journal Nature, Andrew Lyne and colleagues at the
- University of Manchester's Jodrell Bank radio observatory report
- an object between 10 and 15 times the mass of the earth,
- orbiting a special kind of star called a pulsar that lies some
- 25,000 light-years (140 quadrillion miles) away.
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- Pulsars are fast-spinning, ultra-dense clumps of neutrons
- -- generally the husks of stars that have exploded. They get
- their name from the powerful radio pulses that they emit at
- precisely regular intervals. It was an anomaly in these pulses
- that led the Manchester astronomers to focus on one particular
- pulsar -- and convinced them that a planet whirled around it.
- The pulsar spins on its axis three times a second, raking the
- earth with a beam of radio waves each time. But, says Lyne,
- periodically "the pulses would arrive about one-hundredth of a
- second earlier than they should, and then, three months later,
- they would be one-hundredth of a second later."
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- Their conclusion: the pulsar is wobbling, pulled by the
- gravitational field of a planet that orbits the star once every
- six months. When the planet is nearest earth, it tugs the pulsar
- in our direction, and the distance that the radio pulse travels
- to reach us starts to get shorter. Three months later, the
- planet pulls the pulsar the other way, and the distance the
- pulse must travel begins to lengthen.
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- The theory appears to be sound, but, notes David Black,
- director of Houston's Lunar and Planetary Institute, the history
- of astronomy is "littered with the bones of claimed detections."
- Lyne admits that other phenomena might be causing the observed
- deviations in the radio waves, but "the most likely
- interpretation," he maintains, "is that there is a planet
- there." Many other experts think Lyne is right. "Now that we see
- it," said Ramesh Narayan, a Harvard astronomer, "it is up to us
- to explain how it could happen."
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- Lyne's work provides no answer to the most tantalizing
- question in astronomy: Is there life on other planets? In this
- case, life would be difficult on a planet whose sun is a
- relatively tiny, dim pulsar. Astronomer Black figures that in
- about 10 years, telescopic instruments may be sophisticated
- enough to focus on the planet itself, rather than just the
- pulsar. Even if no Klingons are immediately found, the knowledge
- gained from examining the distant planet will make it easier to
- explore the countless other worlds waiting to be discovered.
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- -- By Michael D. Lemonick. With reporting by Andrew
- Purvis/New York
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